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As well as being found in the joints and the discs of the spine, cartilage makes up entire parts of the body. Typically, cartilage is used in passageways into the body that are kept permanently open.
These include the nose, the outer ear and the tubes of the lungs, known as the bronchioles. The nose forms the outer part of the respiratory tract. The bony part is made up of the bony nasal septum, the nasal bones, and parts of the maxillae, palatine and frontal bones. The cartilaginous part consists of two lateral cartilages, two alar cartilages and a septal cartilage. The external part of the nose consists of:. The outer ear consists of the pinna, or ear lobe, and the external auditory canal.
These funnel sound waves towards the eardrum, or tympanic membrane, which vibrates to allow sound to be heard. The pinna is also protects the eardrum from damage. Problems related to these other cartilaginous parts for the body are mostly treated by surgeons specialising in the specific area e. Each year, more than 50 million people visit their doctors because of joint pain — half of them with a damage of the articular cartilage.
On this website, you can find useful, updated information on specific cartilage-related conditions and possible treatments options, written by world-renowned experts in this field, helpful patient information to read and download, and other useful resources The choice of procedures depends on the size and location of cartilage defect. Comments July 27, Very informative. June 05, Very helpful information. Thank you so much sir. May 17, this was most helpful.
May 03, Thanks so much this is very helpful for my school assignment. Reply From: OrthoCarolina. March 03, Very helpful information. Thank you. December 11, Very helpful information.
Leave a Comment Name. View All Related. Related Physicians Bryan M. Saltzman, MD. Newsletter Signup Sign up for Our Newsletter. In the embryo, bones form first as hyaline cartilage before ossifying as development progresses. Hyaline cartilage is covered externally by a fibrous membrane, called the perichondrium, except at the articular ends of bones; it also occurs under the skin for instance, ears and nose. Hyaline cartilage is found on many joint surfaces. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple.
If a thin slice of cartilage is examined under the microscope, it will be found to consist of cells of a rounded or bluntly angular form, lying in groups of two or more in a granular or almost homogeneous matrix. These cells have generally straight outlines where they are in contact with each other, with the rest of their circumference rounded.
They consist of translucent protoplasm in which fine interlacing filaments and minute granules are sometimes present. Embedded in this are one or two round nuclei with the usual intranuclear network. Fibrous cartilage has lots of collagen fibers Type I and Type II , and it tends to grade into dense tendon and ligament tissue. White fibrocartilage consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions.
It owes its flexibility and toughness to the fibrous tissue, and its elasticity to the cartilaginous tissue. It is the only type of cartilage that contains type I collagen in addition to the normal type II. Fibrocartilage is found in the pubic symphysis, the annulus fibrosus of intervertebral discs, menisci, and the temporal mandibular joint. Elastic or yellow cartilage contains elastic fiber networks and collagen fibers.
The principal protein is elastin. Elastic cartilage is histologically similar to hyaline cartilage but contains many yellow elastic fibers lying in a solid matrix. These fibers form bundles that appear dark under a microscope. They give elastic cartilage great flexibility so it can withstand repeated bending.
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